汽机弹簧隔振基础地震反应及弹簧变形分析          下载免费PDF全文

安栋 《地震工程学报》2020,42(6):1444-1450

采用SeismoStruct软件建立有限元模型对某汽轮发电机组弹簧隔振基础进行时程分析，研究弹簧隔振基础的频率振型和地震响应、层间变形、弹簧变形等特性。研究表明，弹簧隔振基础的自振频率较低，竖向自振频率远离机组工作扰频；弹簧隔振装置能够在地震作用时减小台板加速度反应，并根据刚度重新分配水平地震作用，充分发挥立柱的抗震能力。结果表明基础设计符合《建筑抗震设计规范》标准，达到了弹簧隔振抗震的目标，基础设计合理、安全可靠。SeismoStrcut作为有限元分析软件，对汽机基础的模拟能够达到工程需要。  相似文献   

Perceptual models of uncertainty for socio-hydrological systems: a flood risk change example     

Ida K. Westerberg  Keith J. Beven  Gemma Coxon  Tobias Krueger 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(Z2):1705-1713

ABSTRACT

Characterizing, understanding and better estimating uncertainties are key concerns for drawing robust conclusions when analyzing changing socio-hydrological systems. Here we suggest developing a perceptual model of uncertainty that is complementary to the perceptual model of the socio-hydrological system and we provide an example application to flood risk change analysis. Such a perceptual model aims to make all relevant uncertainty sources – and different perceptions thereof – explicit in a structured way. It is a first step to assessing uncertainty in system outcomes that can help to prioritize research efforts and to structure dialogue and communication about uncertainty in interdisciplinary work.  相似文献   

基于特大地震发生率的川滇地区地震危险性预测新模型          下载免费PDF全文

程佳  徐锡伟  陈桂华 《地球物理学报》2020,63(3):1170-1182

川滇地区是我国地震危险性较高的地区之一.本文基于对特大强震的风险性考虑,使用全球地震模型OpenQuake软件,建立了川滇地区地震危险性预测新模型.首先根据构造特征划分多个震源分区,并整理出这些震源分区内断层活动特征与滑动速率;基于震源分区和断层模型,使用GPS应变率转换成的锥形古登堡-里克特关系作为整个区域的地震积累率,并允许超过历史最大震级的特大地震的出现,结合活动断层滑动速率所积累的地震发生率,给出震源分区内断层地震源和背景地震源的地震发生率的比率分配关系;在活动断层分段上,保留了大型断裂或其主要部分,没有根据小的阶区来对断层进行详细分段,以便分配特大地震发生率;并使用地震率平滑方法分配背景地震发生率.最后在OpenQuake中加入地震动预测方程,计算出了川滇地区的PGA分布图,为区域地震危险性提供科学依据.  相似文献   

Stochastic and analytical approaches for sediment accumulation in river reservoirs     

Tanju Akar 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(6):984-994

ABSTRACT

Sediment accumulation in a river reservoir is studied by stochastic time series models and analytical approach. The first-order moving average process is found the best for the suspended sediment discharge time series of the Juniata River at Newport, Pennsylvania, USA. Synthetic suspended sediment discharges are first generated with the chosen model after which analytical expressions are derived for the expected value and variance of sediment accumulation in the reservoir. The expected value and variance of the volume of sediment accumulation in the reservoir are calculated from a thousand synthetic time series each 38 years long and compared to the analytical approach. Stochastic and analytical approaches perfectly trace the observation in terms of the expected value and variability. Therefore, it is concluded that the expected value and variance of sediment accumulation in a reservoir could be estimated by analytical expressions without the cost of synthetic data generation mechanisms.  相似文献   

地震作用下深埋隧道围岩形变的数值模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

吕燕霞  扶海鹰  郁章剑 《地震工程学报》2020,42(1):215-220

隧道围岩受地震荷载作用影响产生开裂变形,给交通、安全与经济带来极大影响,为提升隧道安全稳定性能,以某市隧道为对象,研究地震作用下深埋隧道围岩形变的数值模拟。综合考虑地震动作用与地震波扩散特性,利用FLAC软件构建三维动力模型;通过边界设置解决地震波反射问题,基于物理力学参数与地震荷载条件,通过相对变形法研究地震条件下深埋隧道围岩变形特性、能量聚集特性与安全性能。研究结果显示:深埋隧道围岩受地震荷载作用影响,形成挤让、椭圆化的变形走向;变形达到最高值时,应变能量密度高于2350 J/m^3的区域集中在隧道Ⅰ洞左侧围岩边墙和中夹岩柱上;各监测点安全系数呈非对称性,隧道右侧下角区域安全系数低于国家相关标准,计算结果与实际测量结果一致。  相似文献   

高地应力V级围岩相似材料研制及岩体开挖卸载模型试验分析          下载免费PDF全文

方智淳  朱正国  王仁远  刘柳 《地震工程学报》2020,42(2):505-511

以黄土、砂为骨料,石膏、水泥为胶结材料,水为调节剂,以正交试验方法配制出V级围岩相似材料,该材料能够很好的模拟隧道Ⅴ级软弱围岩。在此基础上,以钢筒模型试验为媒介,通过千斤顶配合反力架加载,观察不同材料配比下的试验组应力变化斜率、自稳时间、应变大小等方面的差异,结合加载完成后模型开口处岩体变化情况,探索高地应力下Ⅴ级围岩开挖卸载效应。试验结果表明:虽然相似材料会因配比不同改变物理力学性质,但主要是对弹性模量的影响较大;在增大垂直压力作用下,试验中材料自稳时间变长,应力释放也较为彻底,但整体趋势放缓。  相似文献   

加权混合估计中权值的确定方法     

宋迎春  宋采薇  左廷英 《测绘学报》2020,49(1):34-41

综合了大地测量中各种异方差多源观测模型和联合平差方法,说明了混合估计方法可以用于测量数据融合,平衡附加信息和样本信息对参数估计的影响。通过求取权值使参数估计的协方差阵的迹最小的方法,给出了一个权的最优选择方法。本文扩展了已有的加权混合估计方法,使得新方法中的权不受验前单位权方差的限制,能有效应用于大地测量数据处理。  相似文献   

山地叶面积指数反演理论、方法与研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

江海英  贾坤  赵祥  魏香琴  王冰  姚云军  张晓通  江波 《遥感学报》2020,24(12):1433-1449

叶面积指数LAI（Leaf Area Index）是表征叶片疏密程度和冠层结构特征的重要植被参数，在气候变化、作物生长模型以及碳、水循环研究中发挥着重要作用。遥感是获取区域及全球尺度LAI的一个重要手段，当前LAI产品主要基于遥感数据反演得到，但是多数LAI产品算法并未考虑地形特征的影响，导致山地LAI遥感反演精度不确定性大。提高山地LAI遥感反演精度亟需考虑地形因子对冠层反射率的影响，其中山地冠层反射率模型和遥感数据地形校正是提升山地LAI遥感反演精度的关键。本文围绕山地LAI遥感反演理论与方法，综合分析了国内外山地冠层反射率模型和地形校正模型的研究进展，总结了目前山地LAI遥感反演存在的问题，并讨论了未来研究的发展趋势。  相似文献   

Talus slope geomorphology investigated at multiple time scales from high-resolution topographic surveys and historical aerial photographs (Sanetsch Pass,Switzerland)     

Hanne Hendrickx  Lars De Sloover  Cornelis Stal  Reynald Delaloye  Jan Nyssen  Amaury Frankl 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(14):3653-3669

Talus slopes are common places for debris storage in high-mountain environments and form an important step in the alpine sediment cascade. To understand slope instabilities and sediment transfers, detailed investigations of talus slope geomorphology are needed. Therefore, this study presents a detailed analysis of a talus slope on Col du Sanetsch (Swiss Alps), which is investigated at multiple time scales using high-resolution topographic (HRT) surveys and historical aerial photographs. HRT surveys were collected during three consecutive summers (2017–2019), using uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) measurements. To date, very few studies exist that use HRT methods on talus slopes, especially to the extent of our study area (2 km²). Data acquisition from ground control and in situ field observations is challenging on a talus slope due to the steep terrain (30–37°) and high surface roughness. This results in a poor spatial distribution of ground control points (GCPs), causing unwanted deformation of up to 2 m in the gathered UAV-derived HRT data. The co-alignment of UAV imagery from different survey dates improved this deformation significantly, as validated by the TLS data. Sediment transfer is dominated by small-scale but widespread snow push processes. Pre-existing debris flow channels are prone to erosion and redeposition of material within the channel. A debris flow event of high magnitude occurred in the summer of 2019, as a result of several convective thunderstorms. While low-magnitude (<5,000 m³) debris flow events are frequent throughout the historical record with a return period of 10–20 years, this 2019 event exceeded all historical debris flow events since 1946 in both extent and volume. Future climate predictions show an increase of such intense precipitation events in the region, potentially altering the frequency of debris flows in the study area and changing the dominant geomorphic process which are active on such talus slopes. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Lidar-aided analysis of boreal forest backscatter at Ku band     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

This paper analyzes the backscatter of the microwave signal in a boreal forest environment based on a Ku -band airborne Frequency-Modulated Continuous Waveform (FMCW) profiling radar—Tomoradar. We selected a half-managed boreal forest in the southern part of Finland for a field test. By decomposing the waveform collected by the Tomoradar, the vertical canopy structure was achieved. Based on the amplitude of the waveform, the Backscattered Energy Ratio of Canopy-to-Total (BERCT) was calculated. Meanwhile, the canopy fraction was derived from the corresponding point cloud recorded by a Velodyne VLP-16 LiDAR mounted on the same platform. Lidar-derived canopy fraction was obtained by counting the number of the first/ the strongest returns versus the total amount of returns. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of radar-derived BERCT on lidar-derived canopy fraction and canopy height are investigated. A fitted model is derived to describe the Ku-band microwave backscatter in the boreal forest to numerically analyze the proportion contributed by four factors: lidar-derived canopy fraction, radar-derived canopy height, the radar-derived distance between trees and radar sensor and other factors, from co-polarization Tomoradar measurements. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of the proposed model was 0.0958, and the coefficient of determination R2 was 0.912. The fitted model reveals that the correlation coefficient between radar-derived BERCT and lidar-derived canopy fraction is 0.84, which illustrates that lidar surface reflection explains the majority of the profiling /waveform radar response. Thus, vertical canopy structure derived from lidar can be used for the benefit of radar analysis.  相似文献